I
will summarize a materialist understanding of consciousness, then
outline how this impacts on two kinds of imaginative fiction written by
Poul Anderson.
Everything interacts:
particles, potential or actual;
material bodies;
organisms with their environments.
Organisms are temporary, local, negative entropy.
Energized complex molecules changed randomly until one became self-replicating.
Natural selection favored multi-cellularity.
Organisms are sensitive and responsive to environmental alterations.
Naturally
selected organismic sensitivity to environmental alterations
quantitatively increased until it was qualitatively transformed into
conscious sensation.
Sensation was naturally selected because pleasure and pain have survival value.
Responses became actions.
Brains process immediate sensations into perceptions of discrete objects.
Objects are conceptualized.
One social species communicates linguistically and internalizes language as abstract thought.
Interpersonal interactions transform human organisms into self-conscious individuals.
Individuals can transcend self-consciousness through meditation.
However, all consciousness remains an unintended byproduct of originally unconscious interactions.
Human beings interacting with each other projected interpersonal interactions onto their natural and social environments.
Thus, they personified, e.g., thunder as Thor and war as Tyr.
However, human beings have also come to understand preconscious processes.
Thus, they have created both mythology and science.
Poul Anderson wrote:
mythological fantasies, assuming the literal existence of Norse deities;
hard sf, including speculations about the course of evolution on other planets.
Most
sf presupposes materialist evolution. Thus, authors ask: "What kind of
organisms might have evolved in the Martian environment?," not: "What
kind of organisms might have been created on Mars?" CS Lewis'
theological sf has Ransom encountering on Mars beings that are
both extraterrestrial
and supernatural but that is unusual.
